Accounting Information Systems Perspective From Accounting

Question: Talk about the Accounting Information Systems for Perspective From Accounting. Answer: Presentation This investigation manages Accounting Information Systems. In this specific task, center is for the most part attracted understanding the idea of Business Intelligence and its significance simultaneously. In the principal question, which means of business insight has been clarified helps in information examination for introducing significant data (Yu et al. 2013). It further clarifies the PC based frameworks as utilized by organizations for clear dynamic procedure. Business Intelligence applications run from properties, for example, measurable assessment, estimating just as detailing and execution in continuing in the worldwide commercial center. The primary goal behind the examination report is dissecting the significance of utilizing instruments for improving upper hand of an association (Sauter 2014). This paper outlines for giving experiences inside the Business Intelligence in relative serious world. It is required to accumulate the reality in regards to the procedure of data fr ameworks venture dependent on authoritative just as specialized perspectives. It is led for future relations on the significant measure of business venture thinking about the reengineering endeavors. It includes significant reasons uncovering deplorable Queensland Health Information Systems. 1.Business Intelligence Which means of Business Intelligence Business Intelligence is one of the innovation driven procedure includes in information examination just as introduction of significant data. It helps in corporate administrators, business supervisors just as opposite end clients for increasing progressively educated business choices (Rouhani, Ghazanfari and Jafari 2012). Business Intelligence targets enveloping enormous assortment of instruments, applications just as procedures for empowering association for information assortment in against information. It empowers production of information reports, dashboards just as information perceptions for making the logical outcomes for last corporate choices creators and operational laborers. A portion of the possible advantages of Business Intelligence programs include quickening just as improving in a ultimate choice creation process. It uncovers expanding of the operational proficiency, driving new incomes just as increasing over upper hand over different business contention firms (Rizzi 2012). Business Intelligence frameworks helps significant organizations in recognizing the market inclines just as detecting the business issues in the forthcoming money related years Business Intelligence Data includes chronicled data and information assortment from produced source frameworks. It basically empowers Business Intelligence investigation for supporting both vital just as strategic dynamic procedure (Ramakrishnan, Jones and Sidorova 2012). The information experts just as other IT experts who target examining delivered reports particularly for business clients utilized these apparatuses. In a contemporary association, clarification of Business Intelligence giving upper hand Business Intelligence is one of the broadly acknowledged apparatuses utilized by the organizations who are searching for increasing upper hand in the worldwide commercial center. It is subsequently seen that web go about as an essential wellspring of market information (Power, Sharda and Burstein 2015). Business Intelligence just as web helps in breaking down clients and market practices in creative manners for conveying genuine bits of knowledge on suitable premise. This aides in taking into consideration quicker an ideal opportunity for market and making changes for valuing, includes just as showcasing for remaining in front of rivalry for future investigation reason. There is assortment of ways Business Intelligence utilized for increasing serious insight: Business Performance Management Business Performance Management is the procedure for defining objectives just as estimating corporate execution in accomplishing future objectives and goals (Popoviã„⠍ et al. 2012). For example, Retail Company estimates deals just as benefits from numerous measurements like store, product offering and district. This empowers firm for recognizable proof of items arriving at the finish of item lifecycle in type of extra advertising help. It improves advancements for defeating neighborhood rivalry in the up and coming money related year. Most definitely, this implies in estimating the normal arrangement size just as investigating deals pipeline for understanding the chances. It targets building up the future determining dependent on current pipeline size in single open door phases of activities. Estimating Marketing Effectiveness It is essential to quantify the showcasing viability and filling in as principle drivers for movement of promoting effort. It includes spending over the Internet for having the capacity for estimating results (Olszak and Ziemba 2012). It very well may be cultivated with the assistance of direct methods like navigate just as impressions. It further includes roundabout methods, for example, investigation of client opinion particularly on informal organizations, writes just as survey locales simultaneously. Business Intelligence investigation goes about as a fundamental key part for overseeing over the enormous informational indexes focusing on advertising spending plans just as understanding the market sections. Client Attrition Analysis The above examination is generally expensive for the administration organizations whereby cost securing of new clients are probably higher. It requires comprehension of investigation for Customer Attrition for concentrating on improved territories like poor assistance, charging issues just as value rivalry. Client profiling helps in anticipating qualities of clients if there should be an occurrence of mining of existing client informational index (Minelli, Chambers and Dhiraj 2012). Business Intelligence in Web Retailing The vast majority of the web retailers empower worked in preferred position of enormous, client conduct information for taking care of Business Intelligence investigation. It targets understanding the clients for following the selling procedure, item perusing just as options assessment simultaneously (Loshin 2012). It includes item affinities, activating clients just as deserting from the shopping baskets. 360 degree Customer View Information from clients is one of the significant resources for any business association. It tends to be augmented from utility by mix of data particularly from client contact focuses for business association. This includes Customer Relationship Management, deals, charging just as showcasing (Iã… Ã… ¸Ã£â€žÃ¢ ±k, Jones and Sidorova 2013). It accomplishes incorporation from political limits. Business Intelligence is the basic segment for giving the investigation permitting profiling portions just as distinguishing proof of important clients. Utilizing Loyalty card model from the retail business, clarification for utilization of information mining and examination affecting dynamic in an association Retail industry targets gathering huge measure of information on deals just as client shopping history. Amount of information gathered leads towards extending quickly for accessibility of activities in E-trade locales. Retail industry goes about as rich source particularly for information mining exercises (Isik, Jones and Sidorova 2012). Information Mining has incredible effect in the retail business as it helps in gathering enormous measure of information on deals, client buying history just as utilization and merchandise transportation. It is considered as normal for assortment of information for accessibility and notoriety of web administrations. Information mining in retail industry empowers in distinguishing proof of client purchasing behaviors just as patterns. This leads towards improved nature of client assistance just as great client maintenance and fulfillment simultaneously (Howson and Hammond 2014). Retail utilizations of Data Mining Structuring just as development of information stockrooms dependent on advantages of information mining Investigation on looking at over the adequacy of deals crusades Client Retention Process Multidimensional investigation, for example, deals, time, district just as client and items Proposals on items just as cross-referencing of things Further, finding the shopping designs just as patterns for improving for the nature of client care In retail industry, enormous measure of deals just as client shopping history is required for future examination reason. This includes application over retail information mining process in the most proper manner. It requires distinguishing proof of client purchasing practices. Expansion to that, it requires accomplishing better client maintenance just as fulfillment on upgrading great utilization proportions (George, Kumar and Kumar 2015). It includes planning increasingly compelling products transportation just as pertinent dispersion arrangements sooner rather than later. Client Relationship Management Client Segmentation Client Segmentation goes about as a fundamental fixing in retail association advertising formula. It helps in offering experiences on assortment of fragments reacting to shifts in design just as patterns and socioeconomics (Foster et al. 2015). Battle or Promotion Effectiveness Analysis After dispatch of battle, it very well may be concentrated from media investigation regarding cost just as advantages. It generally helps in understanding the advertising efforts for successful examination. Client Lifetime Value Not all the clients are similarly gainful essentially. CLV for the most part endeavors in figuring the anticipated estimation of Risk Adjusted Revenue (Elbashir et al. 2013). Client Loyalty Analysis This is the most practical investigation that targets holding the current client in correlation with securing of new client (Duan and Da Xu 2012). It helps in creating client maintenance programs for dissecting the purposes behind client steady loss rate simultaneously. In actuality, Business Intelligence empowers comprehension of the client steady loss in connection with factors associat

Nobility and Beowulf Essay

Stories have been composed and told orally for a long time. A normal epic as a rule contains difficulties, excursions, experiences and in particular, a saint. An epic legend has a few attributes that make him remarkable. As a matter of first importance, the individual as a rule originates from a respectable family, which implies, an honorable birth. Additionally, they will in general have superhuman quality and achieve past human deeds. An unquestionable requirement in every Epic story is that this legend must go on a mission looking for something. This mission, otherwise called an excursion, holds a few difficulties and sudden turns that the saint must survive. Beowulf, an epic legend, is a phenomenal model and fits the principles superbly of an epic saint. He is respectable, courageous, and has superhuman quality, in his body as well as in his heart. This quality is one that makes him thing of himself as undying and powerful. What Beowulf needs in spite of this is a feeling of self-information, something found out about oneself through encounters, however he picks up this trademark through his epic mission in which he will understand that indeed, he isn't interminable. Beowulf doesn't just increase self-information; in certainty there are a progression of occasions which lead up to his internal acknowledgment. Grendel is an amazing beast who threatens the Danes. He is dreaded of massively by the entirety of the individuals and no one who has the fearlessness to withstand him endures the endeavor. â€Å"He was brought forth in that ooze, brought about by a couple of these beasts conceived of Cain, rebuffed perpetually for the wrongdoing of Abel’s demise. † (Line 19-23)Grendel is such an awful figure, that he is known to be the rebirth of the fallen angel. While threatening the entirety of the individuals at Herot, Hrothgar calls for Prince Beowulf’s help, realizing that he is amazing and daring. Beowulf dozes at Herot and during the night defies Grendel in a wicked and exceptional fight. Beowulf figures out how to murder Grendel and is accordingly perceived and venerated by the entirety of the Danes. This is one of the main supporters of Beowulf’s conviction of everlasting status in himself and an unmistakable guide to him that passing in truth is conceivable. In the wake of having killed Grendel, Beowulf is experienced in another circumstance in which he should, by and by battle for Hrothgar. Hrothgar educates Beowulf that Grendel’s Mom hast taken and slaughtered his best and just companion. He thus approaches Beowulf for help by and by and Beowulf happily acknowledges the assignment. â€Å"Grendel’s Mom is covered up in a horrendous home, in a spot you have not seen. Look for it on the off chance that you dare! Spare us again, and again curved gold, piled up antiquated fortune, will remunerate you. † (Line 444-449) He starts his excursion to Grendel’s Mom’s refuge, a profound dull lake in the mountains to which no one ever needs to go. At the point when he arrives, Beowulf is assaulted by a few animals other than Grendel’s Mom herself, yet figures out how to slaughter them all lastly experience himself in a fight with valiant Grendel’s Mom. After the long fight, Beowulf figures out how to execute this animal and again feels excessively triumphant and godlike, however is one more case of mortality demonstrated clear to Beowulf, since everything, even the most dim and dreaded animals can bite the dust. After fifty years, Beowulf winds up being lord of the Geats and being extraordinarily adored by everybody in his domain. At some point, Beowulf is educated that a mythical serpent is threatening his kin and is executing them, a fire breathing monster. â€Å"I’ve never referred to fear, as a young I took on in unlimited conflicts. I am old now, But I will battle once more, look for distinction still, if the winged serpent covering up in his pinnacle sets out to confront me. † (Line 607-610). In spite of his mature age, Beowulf, still fearless, needs to battle and kill the mythical serpent which threatens his kin. When he arrives and the fight starts, he understands that it isn't equivalent to previously, that he is in certainty more fragile and now defenseless. He battles extraordinarily, his blade breaks, and the mythical beast softens his shield and defensive layer with his blazing breath, yet now his military causes him and together they kill the winged serpent. Tragically, Beowulf is enormously injured and just because, acknowledges he is going to bite the dust and that he is truth be told, mortal. At the point when he passes on, Beowulf requests a sculpture of him to be manufactured, he is along these lines looking for everlasting interminability. His self-acknowledgment for the most part goes over to him when he is biting the dust in the arms of his kin after his cruel battle with the mythical serpent. He was a solid hearted and solid disapproved of warrior, since it was not until the last second that he finds out about his own vulnerabilities, he lives thinking he is powerful, until destiny pulls a prank on his conviction.

80 Things You Probably Didnt Know About Psychology

80 Things You Probably Didnt Know About Psychology More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Psychology offers a multitude of insights into not only our own minds and behaviors, but also the thoughts and actions of those around us. Have you ever wondered why you and your siblings have such different personalities despite sharing the same genetic and environmental background? Curious about why people sometimes behave differently in groups than they would when they are alone? Psychology research can offer answers to many of these questions. The following are just a few fun facts about different topics within psychology. Check through these lists to learn some new things about personality, social behavior, child development, and much more. 10 Things You Should Know About Psychology Psychology can seem a bit daunting to those who are completely new to the subject. Your first introductory course will cover an enormous range of topics including psychology history, human development, social behavior, cognition, personality, and more. Before you delve deeper into the topic, it is a good idea to gain a solid grasp of some of the basics. Learn more about some of the fundamentals in this overview of 10 things you should know about psychology. 10 Things You Didnt Know About Personality Personality is one of the most popular topics within psychology. The field of personality psychology is rich with fascinating facts about the traits and characteristics that make us who we are. Did you know that people can make fairly accurate assessments of your personality based solely on your Facebook profile? Or that certain personality traits are linked to particular illnesses? Learn more about what researchers have learned in these ten fascinating facts about personality. 10 Things You Should Know About Child Development Childhood is a time of amazing growth and change. From the earliest days of an infants life to the often turbulent years of adolescence, there is a remarkable amount of physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth taking place. If you are a psychology major, then you will be required to take at least one class focused purely on developmental psychology during your undergraduate years, but even non-psychology majors can benefit from learning more about the developmental process. Get started by checking out these 10 quick facts about child development. 10 Things You Should Know About Social Psychology Have you ever noticed how people tend to behave differently in a big crowd than they do when they are alone or with a smaller group? Have you ever wondered about why people conform or how attitudes are formed? Social psychology is the area that focuses on such questions and this fascinating subject is one of the most popular topics within psychology. If youve ever found yourself fascinated with social behavior, then be sure to check out these ten quick facts focused on things you should know about social psychology. 10 Fascinating Facts About Human Memory Did you know that information only stays in short-term memory for about 20 to 30 seconds? From the fond memories you have of your childhood to the memory of what you had for lunch yesterday, it is our memory that makes us who we are. Our memories give us a sense of self and form the fabric of our daily life experiences. Have you ever wondered why you always seem to forget certain things like the names of new acquaintances? Or are you interested in learning more about how you can improve your memory? Memory is an astonishingly complex process that involves many areas of the brain. Memories can be vivid and long-lasting, but they are also susceptible to inaccuracies and forgetting. Researchers are discovering more and more about how memory works, including how long-term memories are created and how to combat memory loss associated with the aging process. Continue reading to learn more about ten fascinating facts about human memory. 10 Things You Might Not Know About Freud Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud is one of the most famous figures in the history of psychology, but many students know little about his life beyond the fact that he was the founder of psychoanalysis. Despite the fact that his theories are often maligned by contemporary psychologists, he remains one of historys most fascinating characters. Did you know that Sigmund Freud gave up his job in a science lab and became a doctor in order to marry the woman he loved? Or that he probably never actually said the famous phrase Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar? Learn more about some of the interesting aspects of his life and career in these ten facts about Freud. 10 Things You Might Not Know About Dreams Did you know that experts estimate that about 90 percent of all dreams are forgotten? Or that negative emotions are more common in dreams than positive ones? Dreams can be fascinating and strange, but experts have learned a few things about the content of our dreams. Check out some of these ten fascinating facts about dreams to learn more. 10 Amazing Facts About Your Brain There are still plenty of mysteries about how the brain works, but researchers have uncovered a number of things about the human brain. For example, did you know that while the brain makes up just two percent of our overall weight, it takes up about 20 percent of our energy? Check out some more interesting facts about the brain.

Financial Crisis Evolution Of Bank Capital - 3146 Words

TABLE OF CONTENT: Introduction 2 Defining Bank Capital 2 Measure of Bank Capital How Capital Absorbs Risk 2-4 †¢ Covers Credit Risk †¢ Prevents Liquidity Problems †¢ Manages Operational Risk †¢ Restricts banks from taking excessive risk Manipulation of Capital Standards 4-7 †¢ Quality of Capital Resources †¢ Internal Rating Based (IRB) approach under Basel-II †¢ Securitization †¢ Credit Derivatives†¦show more content†¦Capital in banks play an essential role of helping banks remain solvent by absorbing losses caused due to stress conditions. In this paper, we shall analyse how capital helps banks manage their risk, what led to banks failing during the financial crisis and what measures have been adopted to avoid (or better manage) such situations in future. DEFINING BANK CAPITAL Banks’ capital is defined to be the difference between the assets and liabilities of a bank. It is the net worth of the bank or its value to investors. It is stated along the liabilities side of the balance sheet. Main characteristics of bank capital †¢ No contractual repayment requirements: Unlike other liabilities, bank capital is perpetual. As long as bank continues to be in business, it is not obliged to repay the shareholders. †¢ Low priority in case of bankruptcy: In case of insolvency or bankruptcy, capital investors only receive what remains after paying all the creditors. Capital generally ranks low in case of claims as compared to most of the other claimants. Constituents of bank capital †¢ Tier 1 Capital also known as core capital includes permanent shareholders’ equity and disclosed reserves. †¢ Tier 2 Capital (supplementary capital) includes undisclosed reserves, revaluation reserves, general provisions, hybrid capital instruments and subordinate term debt subject to certain conditions.

International Marketing Plan for Londons Ships - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2910 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Level High school Did you like this example? International Marketing Plan for Londons Ships 1. Executive summary This report presents an inclusive international marketing plan which has been formulated for Londons Ships, operating in the tourism industry of the UK. The marketing plan primarily aims to generate awareness within its target market regarding the products and services offered by the enterprise. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International Marketing Plan for Londons Ships" essay for you Create order This plan also aims to promote the historic partner museum ships with in the global tourists market. These partner museum ships are members of Londons Ships. This marketing plan is the primary plan formulated for a period of one year. The target market that has been defined by the marketing plan is formed of those people who keep keen interest in the UKs history and heritage and falls within the age bracket of 35 to 65. This target market lives in USA. The marketing plan has been designed upon carrying out an examination of the UK tourism industry. The industry has been influenced by the distressed economic condition and requires expansion with the help of the UK government. It has been further recognised that micro and macro industrial environment has the capability to impact the enterprise and its subsequent performance. The marketing plan identifies the objectives based upon which the marketing strategy and the communication channels have been proposed. This plan also ascer tains the implementation plan with identified responsibilities and time period. Furthermore it has also been postulated that the plan should be persistently monitored and assessed against the performance indicators. The key factor based upon which the plan has been proposed is the consistent monitoring and reviewing of the performance and expected outcomes of the marketing plan so that performance issues can be addressed. 2. Objectives of the enterprise 2.1. To develop and expand the business of the enterprise by means of expanding the market and develop the brand of Londons Ships. 2.2. To propagate the museum ships as esteemed members of Londons Ships as well as the heritage of the UK. 2.3. To amplify the revenues generated by the business by means of accomplishing business sustainability and subsequent expansion. 3. Assessment of the environment of the market (source: Londons Ships corporate website; Business Source Premier, 2009, case study: Londons Ships of Historic Interest Partnership) 3.1. Micro environment: Carrying out the SWOT analysis of the enterprise, it has been assessed that the strengths are representation of the company as the heritage of the UK whereas the member vessels of the enterprise are some of the famous and well known museum ships. The weaknesses of the enterprise are its dependency on the tourism industry of the UK which had directly affected the performance of the enterprise. Londons Ships lacks in adapting to the technological innovation such as e- commerce website that can facilitate the business in increasing its sales and revenues through providing information, knowledge regarding the offered products and services by the enterprise. Additionally an e- commerce business infrastructure can also provide the international tourists to do online booking, which also is the missed opportunity by the company. Thirdly the major weakness has been observed as the uncompetitive website of the company which lags far behind in providing informati on and interaction of the business with its customers and stakeholders. The opportunities that lie ahead of the business are to take advantage of the investments by means of expanding and enhancing the e- marketing and online presence. Secondly with improvements that are expected in the UK economy are also expected to influence the industrial development, hence laying positive impacts on the business growth. The threats to the enterprise are seen in the form of competitive tourism industry of the UK which has the potential of attracting new market entrants who are eager to snatch the opportunities through forming associations with existing companies and increasing their market share. Secondly the other business affiliates such as hotels, car rental service providers etc can also threaten the company through making strategic alliances with the competitors. 3.2. Macro environment: the tourism industry of the UK had got affected by the existing economic turbulence. Therefore t he tourists operators have been under constant scrutiny that whether or not these operators effectively furnish the value for money. The number of tourists visiting the UK has been declined since last nine years (Mintel Oxygen, 2009). Therefore the tourism industry is facing challenges in terms of attracting the tourists due to slow development, lower business revenues and scarcity of competent and skilled people. 3.3. It has been assessed that in order to provide efficient services by the industry, hit mandates persistent investments to be made in the development of people and the products. The tourism industry of the UK demonstrates high potential to survive even in the distressed economic situation nevertheless, significant considerations must be made by the government to promote UK tourism as one of the key economic drivers. The subsequent result of expanding the industry will be job creation within the industry, increased revenues that will be shared by the market and most importantly giving a boost and financial injection to the distressed and recovering UK economy. 4. Identification of the target market The marketing plan primarily aspires to target a single market which is USA market. Upon the effective implementation of this marketing plan, other target markets will be defined and approached. As indicated, the target market falls within age the age bracket of 35 to 65 years. The target market has been assessed to keep a keen interest in exploring the world tourists sites due to their expenditure power. A brief analysis of the USA market has been given below along with the reasons for choosing this market as the target market for the marketing plan: 4.1. PESTEL analysis of USA (USA country profile, Euromonitor International, a, b, c 2010) The political arena of the USA raises concerns due to its involvement and approach towards international politics. Within the USA the expenditure of the government on social security and Medicare contributes towards two- fifth of the spending of the federal government which has been accused of increasing with an unjustifiable rate. Th erefore due to the economic turbulence this funding has been affected which translates into instability of the USA government. The economic condition of the country appears to be distressed. Although currently the GDP seems to be stagnant, however it is expected to grow up to 3.1 per cent by the end of year 2010. The GDP is also expected to grow up to 2.6 per cent by the end of year 2011. The social landscape indicates towards a high living standard inclusive of yearly and even frequent trend of holiday making. The tourism spending has increased by the end of 2009 whereas decline in the inflation rate also indicates towards a promising picture. There has been increasing interest noted by the global tourist industry in the UK tourism industry due to increased efforts made by the local industry in increasing inbound tourism in the UK (Mintel Oxygen, 2009). Out of the most famous tourism attractions in UK are its historical buildings, museums etc. There has been an increase in in bound tourism in the UK, hence attracting the tourists from the USA market has been done because the USA is bigger market with increasing expenditure on tourism. 5. Marketing Objectives The marketing objectives have been drawn on the business objectives of the enterprise as indicated in section 2. These objectives have been set as: 5.1. To obtain a larger market share of the global market and also obtaining a larger share up to five per cent of the USA market in first year of implementation of the marketing plan. 5.2. To develop the relationship with the customers and stakeholders of the enterprise. 5.3. To develop a brand of the enterprise by means of creating an awareness of the enterprise as well as museum vessels. 6. Proposing a marketing strategy (inspired by Bangs, 2002; Chinsall, 1995). The following marketing strategy has been proposed to be adapted by the enterprise so that the defined marketing objectives can be attained: 6.1. Product: The enterprise requires developing its product and branding portfolio by increasing the quality and operational characteristics of the products and services that are being offered to the customers. It is recommended that the developed products and services should be coordinated with the needs and demands of the USA tourists. In addition to the development of the product portfolio the enterprise also requires to provide effective customer services that are designed to gain ultimate customer satisfaction. These efforts should be made in line with the brand development initiatives under taken by the management. Within the same context, introducing products such as green tourism should also be introduced that supports preserving ecology and bio- diversity. The prime objective of the developed product and brand portfolio shoul d be addressing the target market coupled with services such as loyalty scheme, extra mileage scheme, easing out the accessibility for the disabled tourists. 6.2. Price: The adapted pricing strategy of the enterprise should be a combination of competitive and premium pricing strategy. This has been proposed so that the tourists can be capable enough of spending on the tourist products and attractions with varied choices. 6.3. Place: There is an immediate requirement of the development of the e- commerce based infrastructure of the enterprise. It has been therefore suggested that Londons Ships should form strategic alliances with other tower operators to come up with competitive tourists products laden with trade discounts, competitive products etc. The development of e- commerce channel should be in line with brand development as well as creating the brand awareness of the corporation and its products and services. 6.4. Promotion: The enterprise should adapt multiple p romotional channels such as e- marketing, public relations, social networking and so forth. Most importantly the company should concentrate on making a strong and consistent presence of the company as well as expansion of e- commerce website within this regards it has been suggested that the company should make its distinction on major search engines like Yahoo, msn etc. The reason behind doing so is to generate online traffic for the company as well as including provision of shared links in coordination with other e- commerce websites / companies offering similar services and products to the customers. The company can also improve its web presence by means of including familiar key words and by means of paying a specific amount to major search engines so that the web link of Londons Ships can be sponsored and appear with the results of the search engine. This can be made possible through outsourcing a search engine placement company whose job is to generate customer awareness , increase online traffic etc. for the enterprise. Most importantly Londons Ships should adapt to the process of email marketing. An e- mail marketing campaign that is designed for generating revenues as well as retaining customers likely to provide benefits such as higher number of customers visiting the website, increased brand awareness, brand development. Further on email marketing can also benefit the company through giving a cost effective solution that is equally influential in attracting global tourists towards the UK tourism industry. Some of the compatible channels of communication of e- marketing are newsletters, brochures etc. 6.5. In addition to the above recommendations the company should also adapt to the online public relations so that the customers and stakeholders are consistently kept well informed about the company and the brand along with development of the brand in context of supporting global ecology, low carbon economy and green tourism pertaining t o bio diversity. 6.6. Most importantly the company should also strengthen its relationships with its customers and business partners so that the objectives of retaining the customers and obtaining a higher percentage of global market share can be attained. 7. Implementation plan (inspired by Kotler, 2006) Strategy- Implementation plan -Identified responsibilities -Start date-End date. Develop products portfolio and brand of the company along with creating the product and brand awareness: implying marketing and advertising channels along with branding and online public relations actions in order to promote the product portfolio. Creation of the awareness of the company and its brand should be carried out through promotion the marketing massage which is influential enough to successfully attract the customers to the member vessels of the company. Marketing manager, executive and team members September 2010-August 2011. Develop competitive and premium pricing strategy Revisions of the pricing strategy so that the company offers varied prices that cater different social classes with in the identified target market. Competitive prices can be possibly accomplished through cutting down the cost of business. In order to premium price the products, the enterprise should undertake some strategic actions such as making strategic alliances with allied services (other tour operators) so that the customers can be provided with value for their money(family packages, annual passes, fast track access etc.). Marketing manager, operations manager and their team November 2010-March 2011. Develop relationship with the stake holders Develop communication channels so that the customers and stake holders are kept well informed about the developments and activities of the company. Marketing manager, Business manager and his team October 2010-August 2011. 8. The marketing budget The desired marketing budget for this marketing plan has been assessed to be  £ 20,000 for the first year. The desired resources that should be allocated for the implementation process of this plan are human capital, financial budget, and continued support of the management as well as marketing personnel. 9. Monitoring and evaluation The evaluation of the marketing plan should be carried out against the following performance indicators as suggested by Punniyamoorthy and Murali (2008). These indicators are higher number of customers, increased brand awareness, experiencing the anticipated outcomes of marketing activities, successfully implemented competitive and premium prices paid by the customers, improved quality of customer services, higher market share etc. 10. Critical Issues (source: drawn from the case study) Londons Ships is assessed to challenge by the following critical issues which must be addressed prior to the implementation of the marketing plan that has been proposed above: 10.1. A process of consistent monitoring and reviewing should be carried out so that the marketing manager is well aware of the performance evaluation of the plan and can take corrective measures accordingly. 10.2. In addition to the implementation of the marketing plan the company should also concentrate on the development of its e- commerce infrastructure and web site so that the proposed strategies can be effectively implemented. It is also important so that the customers / foreign tourists can draw information and knowledge regarding the company and partner museum ships through the website as well as securing online purchases long before entering into the UK. 10.3. Londons Ships should also adapt to strategic business practices such as development of e- supply chain, forming strategic allianc es with business partners with an ambition of offering tourist packages etc. 10.4. In addition to above issues the management should ensure that the company is well equipped with skilled and competent personnel which is capable enough of coping with the significant changes that the company has been suggested to go through. Therefore sufficient amount of training and development needs to be provided to the people along with learning and identifying the needs and demands of the people. 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Choy, L (1995) The quality of tourism employment, Tourism Management, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 129-37 Chinsall, P (1995) Strategic Business marketing, (3rd edn) Prentice Hall Chaston, I (2001) e-Marketing Strategy, McGraw-Hill Christopher, M et al. (1993) Relationship Marketing: Bringing Quality, Customer Service and Marketing Together, Butterworth-Heinnemann Clarke et al. (1998) Relationship Marketing, Financial Times Management. Doyle, P (2006) Marketing Management Strategy, (4th edn), FT Prentice Hall Dlabay et al (2005) Intro to Business: Finance, Marketing, Operations, Management, Thomson South-Western Euromonitor International (2010 a) USA: Country Profile 2010, Euromonitor International Euromonitor International (2010 b) Travel and tourism- United Kingdom, Euromonitor International Euromonitor International (2010 c) Travel and tourism- USA, Euromonitor International Edgell, L (1995) â€Å"A barrier-free future for tourism†, Tourism Management, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 107-10. Finn, A. and Erdem, T (1995) â€Å"The economic impact of a mega-multi-mall. Estimation issues in the case of West Edmonton Mall†, Tourism Management, Vol. 16 No. 5, pp. 367-73. Gilligan, C et al (2003) ‘Strategic marketing planning, Butterworth-Heinemann Gonzalez, A and Bello, L (2002) ‘The construct â€Å"lifestyle† in market segmentation: The behaviour of tourist consumers, European Journal of Marketing, Vol 36:No 1/2, pp. 51-85 Hollensen, S (2007) Global Marketing, Pearson Education Limited, England Lambin, J (2000) Market-Driven Management, MacMillan Hosuton, B et al. (2002) Business strategy: an introduction, (2nd edn), Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford Kotler, P (2000) Marketing Management, Millennium Edition, Prentice Hall Kuhn, R (2002) Process-based strategic planning, (2nd edn), Springer Londons Ships corporate website (2010) ‘About us [online] Available from https://londonships.org.uk/Events2.aspx Mintel Oxygen (2009) ‘Inbound Tourism- UK-November 2009, Mintel Oxygen Payne, A et al. (1998) Relationship Marketing for Competitive Advantage: Winning and Keeping Customers, Butterworth-Heinnemann, Porter, M (1985) Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance, Free Press, New York Ryan, C (1995) â€Å"Tourism courses: a new concern for a new time†, Tourism Management, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 97-100. Find out more from UK Essays here: https://www.ukessays.com/services/example-essays/mar keting/international-marketing-plan-londons-ships.php#ixzz3EEh1jQiX

Nursing and Nurse Practitioner Free Essays

My Career goal Tiffanie Brown My all time career goal is to become a Nurse Practitioner. I will have a lot of hoops to Jump through in order to get there but I am determine to achieve my goal so I no I will Succeed in this process. Currently I am working as an LPN at a long term care facility which I enjoy very much I attended almost 2 years of school to be able to sit for my license board for my LPN It was not easy at all I had a lot of long nights studying and early clinical mornings I first started out in a computer class to make sure I had general computer knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing and Nurse Practitioner or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then I currently moved to pharmacology and my basic nursing classes. Each class was A month long and focused solely on that specific class. After 6 months of nursing classes I currently moved on to my clinical piece of nursing School. Which were sometimes all day and night. We had to pass each portion of our Clinical rotation in order to be able to move on to the next clinical. It was not easy but I made it through my clinical rotation, it took a lot of focusing on my certain tasks but I took my time and proceeded to pass all subjects, after my clinical portion was complete I had to take an exit exam so I was able to sit for my boards, I studied days and nights and It paid off I passed my exit exam and was able to sit for my state boards. I took them And passed on my first try, I received my license and been practicing for the last two years. Currently I am at U. C Raymond Walters College taking my necessary pre-reqs so I can Get into the LPN-RN bridge program they offer. I will have to take a year almost Of my pre-req classes in order to qualify for the program, I have to take several Math classes, English comp 1,2,3 I have to take bio-organic chemistry, global Community, anatomy 1,2,3 I will have to take pharmacology, pediatrics, med surge And my year of clinical so I am ready to take my exit exam in order to sit for my RN Exam. Once I take my RN exam and pass that I will be able to get accepted into the Bachelors program, to complete that program I will gave a lot of papers to complete On history as well as the clinical aspects of nursing, I will have to do a few week Internship In order for me to qualify to be able to receive my bachelors. It will Take about a year for Me to receive my bachelors from my associates degree give or take a little more or little Less time. After that is complete I will move onto my process of being accepted to The masters program. Once I am officially accepted into my masters program I will have Almost a year of classes such as advanced pediatrics, advanced acute care, advanced Family practice, advanced women’s health and a basic nurse practitioner course, also Primary care on the adults and the aged. My instructor will have to make sure I pass Every course with a 3. 5 or better GPA in order for me to pass the program. I will Have several hands on clinicals with live patients as well as dummies. I will also have Several research papers I will have to do in order to complete my program . This process Will take quite a few years to complete, considering I am doing this process in a step By step manner. But I like to learn all aspects of this field and what the limits of practice Are for each title, I would also like to learn the acute care versus the trauma care, Surgical care, pediatrics care, and OB care before I move into the full blown Nurse practitioner care when I am not working fully one on one with a certain patient At all times, that is why I want to take this process slow and learn all aspects before I focus solely on one thing. And that is what it will take me to receive my all time goal Of a Nurse Practitioner. How to cite Nursing and Nurse Practitioner, Essay examples

Vietnam Was A Country That Was Far Removed From The American Essays

Vietnam was a country that was far removed from the American people until their history and ours became forever interlinked in what has come to be known as the Vietnam conflict. It is a classic story of good guys versus bad, communism versus freedom, and a constant struggle for stability. Americas attempt to aid the cause of freedom was a valid one, but one that ended up with South Vietnam being dependent upon us for its very life as a nation. "Vietnamization" was the name for the plan to allow South Vietnam to stand on its own, and ended in leaving a country totally on its own, unable to stand and fight. Vietnam was a French territory until the Viet Minh insurgency of the late 1940's and through 1954. Although regarding this uprising as part of a larger Communist conspiracy, Americans were not unsympathetic to Vietnamese aspirations for national independence. The ensueing defeat of the French brought an end to the first stage of what was to be a thirty year struggle. The Indochina ceasefire agreement (Geneva Accords) of July 21, 1954 led to the creation of seperate states in Laos and Cambodia, and the artificial division of Vietnam into two republics. In the North the Communist Viet Minh established the democratic of Vietnam, and in the south a random collection of non - Communist factions, led by Ngo Dinh Diem, formed the Republic of Vietnam. The general elections provided for by the agreement never took place, and the two states quickly drew apart. The United States immediatly threw its support behind the southern regime and extended military aid through a Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) under the command of Lt. General John W. O'Daniel. American objectives in South Vietnam were reletively simple and remained so -- the establishment and preservation of a non - Communist government in South Vietnam. Initally, the most pressing problem was the weakness of the Saigon government and the danger of cival war between South Vietnam's armed religious and political factions. Diem, however, acting as a kind of benevolent dictator, managed to put a working government together, and O'Daniel's advisory group, about three or four hundred people, went to work creating a national army. Slowly, under the direction of O'Daniel and his successor in October 1955, Lt. General Samuel T. Williams, the new army took shape. The primary mission of this 150,000 man force was to repel a North Vietnamese invasion across the Demilitarised zone that seperated North and South Vietnam. Diem and his American advisors thus organised and trained the new army for a Korean - style conflict, rather than for the unconventional guerrilla warfare that had characterised the earlier French - Viet Minh struggle. President Minh also maintained a substantial paramilitary force almost as large as the regular army. This force's primary task was to maintain internal security, but also acted as a counter weight to the army, whose officers often had political ambitions that were sometimes incompatible with those of Diem. From the beginning, such tensions weakened the Saigon government and severly hampered its ability to deal with South Vietnam's social and ecenomic problems. At the beginning of 1968 the military strength of the Saigon government was, on paper, impressive. The regular armed forces consisted of about 250,000 men, organised into a conventional army, navy, air force, and marine corps, well equipped with tanks, artillary, ships and aircraft, Behind the regulars was a similar - size militia - like organization, the Territorial forces. Although consisting mainly of small rifle units, the territorials had begun to recieve modern radios, vehicles, and small arms during the early 1960's, and their capabilities had increased considerably. The organization of the armed forces mirrored most Western nations; a civialian Ministry of Defence directed a military general staff which headed a heirarchy of operational commands and various support and training facilities. The Territorial Forces, a formal part of the armed forcse since 1964, was apportioned amon the forty - four province cheifs, the principle administrators of Vietnam. In comparison, the Viet Cong army looked pertty weak. With some 80,000 lightly equipped regulars, back by about 80,000 - 100,000 part - time geuirillas and supported by a few thousand North Vietnamese troops and a fragile supply line hundreds of miles long, it was hardly an imposing force. Nevertheless, this force had inflicted a series of defeats on the South Vietnamese troops, all but throwing then out of the copuntryside and back into the cities and towns. Vietnamization In the spring of 1969 Presiden Richard M. Nixon initiated his new policy of "Vietnamization." Vietnamization had two distinct elements: first, the unilateral withdraawl of American troops

Food Supply Chain Essays

Food Supply Chain Essays Food Supply Chain Essay Food Supply Chain Essay Food supply chain overview In the present competitive environment customers have become more demanding and asking for quality food which guarantees the safety. On time delivery is becoming a norm to reduce the inventory holding costs. The food industry is facing challenges due to increasing operational complexity, frequently changing consumer needs, government regulations and short product life cycles. It requires a very smart, efficient and agile supply chain to manage the ever changing needs of the end customers Why managing Food Supply Chain is a challenge? The food supply chain is complex and difficult to manage due to its perishable nature and short shelf life of the products as compared to other supply chains like electronics, home needs, consumer durables etc. It also requires a robust infrastructure of warehouses and transportation network connecting suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and retailers. The complexity of food supply chain increases further because of the below mentioned parameters 1 Food safety requirements 2 Regulatory requirements 3 Short shelf life of products leading to expiry and wastage 4 Product recalls Product traceability requirements 6 Effective handling of customer complaints 7 High order frequency and low volumes Food Supply Chain categorization It is basically categorized into two broad categories Perishable and non Perishable Perishable Supply Chain In perishable supply chain the shelf life for the products is very low. It requires managing the end to end supply chain with utmost care. The perishable supply chain typically requires a cold chain to manage it properly. The cold chain infrastructure is very capital intensive. : The infrastructure consists of pre-coolers, temperature controlled warehouses, refrigerated transport etc Non- perishable Supply Chain The shelf life for the product is considerable (varying from 3-18 months). Typically FMCG/Processed products, staples etc fall under this category. Although the shelf life of the product is 3-18 months, the products falling under this category requires strict monitoring of FIFO at distributors end to ensure that the products reaching the end consumer are left with enough shelf life. What is needed to manage this unique and complex supply chain? A well organized supply chain infrastructure of warehouses and transportation covering all the major cities. 2 Sophisticated cold chain for perishable products which guarantees a cost efficient and safe delivery of products 3 Warehouse management system to ensure traceability of products and minimize the losses due to product expiry 4 State of the art warehouse infrastructure equipped with the sophisticated mat erial handling equipments to aid cross docking, flow thru which will reduce transit times and inventory 5 Adherence to well documented GMP at the storage locations. This would ensure food safety in storage condition ( Warehouses) 6 Vehicle tracking abilities GPS/GPRS to continuously evaluate the time to destination. Over a period of time future supply chains (FSC) has developed an expertise in managing the food supply chain in the most efficient manner. FSC has gained and mastered art of managing the food supply chain due to its association with Food Bazaar. In house expertise to manage perishable ( Fruits and vegetables, dairy ,meat, poultry, Bakery ) and non perishable ( FMCG-Food, Staples, Processed food) FSC has state of the art warehouses across the nation which can cater to the customized needs. There is a strong in-house transportation department with fleet of vehicles for every need and type Availability of most advanced warehouse management system which would ensure all aspects like FIFO, Lot management, product traceability, product recalls Availability of transport management system with vehicle tracking facilities to track produc t movement at every stage of transportation ( Real time visibility) Strict adherence to standard operating procedures which ensures food safety at every stage of product handling.

Molly Dewson, Womens Advocate During the New Deal

Molly Dewson, Women's Advocate During the New Deal Known for:  reformer, activist within the Democratic Party, womens suffrage activistOccupation:  reformer, public serviceDates:  February 18, 1874 - October 21, 1962Also known as: Mary Williams Dewson, Mary W. Dewson Molly Dewson Biography Molly Dewson, born in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1874, was educated in private schools.  Women in her family had been active in social reform efforts and she was educated by her father in politics and government. She graduated from Wellesley College in 1897, having been the senior class president. She, like many of the well-educated and unmarried women of her time, became involved with social reform.  In Boston, Dewson was hired to work with the Domestic Reform Committee of the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union, working to find ways to improve the conditions of domestic workers and make it possible for more women to work outside the home. She moved on to organize the parole department for delinquent girls in Massachusetts, focusing on rehabilitation. She was appointed to a commission in Massachusetts to report on industrial working conditions for children and women and helped inspire the first state minimum wage law. She began working for womens suffrage in Massachusetts. Dewson had lived with her mother, and retreated for a time in grief over her mother’s death. In 1913, she and Mary G. (Polly) Porter bought a dairy farm near Worcester.  Dewson and Porter remained partners for the rest of Dewson’s life. During World War I, Dewson continued to work for suffrage, and also served in Europe as the head of the Bureau of Refugees for the American Red Cross in France. Florence Kelley tapped Dewson to head up the National Consumers League effort after World War I to establish state minimum wage laws for women and children. Dewson helped with research for several key lawsuits to promote minimum wage laws, but when courts ruled against those, she gave up on the national minimum wage campaign. She moved to New York and there lobbied for an act limiting working hours for women and children to a 48 hour week. In 1928, Eleanor Roosevelt, who knew Dewson through reform efforts, got Dewson involved in leadership within the New York and national Democratic Party, organizing women’s involvement in the Al Smith campaign.  In 1932 and 1936, Dewson headed the Women’s Division of the Democratic Party. She worked to inspire and educate women to be more involved in politics and to run for office. In 1934, Dewson was responsible for the idea of the Reporter Plan, a national training effort to involve women in understanding the New Deal, and thus supporting the Democratic Party and its programs. From 1935 to 1936 the Womens Division held regional conferences for women in connection with the Reporter Plan. Already plagued with heart problems in 1936, Dewson resigned from the Womens Division director position, though continuing to help recruit and appoint directors until 1941. Dewson was an advisor to Frances Perkins, having helped her get the appointment as secretary of labor, the first woman cabinet member.  Dewson became a member of the Social Security Board in 1937. She resigned due to ill health in 1938, and retired to Maine. She died in 1962. Education Dana Hall SchoolWellesley College, graduated 1897

Evolution of the Global Economic Environment Research Paper

Evolution of the Global Economic Environment - Research Paper Example As global trade has grown over the last 20 years, both in terms of global productivity and absolute means, China has sustained their share of global trade and substantially increased their share of global exports of produced goods (Lin 2001). From 1990-2010, at merely more than 10.4 percent (Lin 2001, slide 4), China’s share of global exports was significant. The multinational business is usually perceived as a major motivator for the system of the globalization of production. This is justifiable, because the presence of the multinational business is, in principle, grounded on earlier and major foreign investment (Ostry & Alexandroff 2003). Furthermore, the past two decades have witnessed a dramatic boost in the operations of multinational businesses in China. Recent reports indicate that there are roughly 65,000 transnational corporations at present (Milberg 2004, 45). Their economic effect can be evaluated through varied approaches. Foreign partners, in 2001, comprised more than 50 million workers in comparison to more than 20 million in 1990 (Milberg 2004, 45). According to the UNCTAD (2002, 1 as cited in Milberg 2004, 45), foreign partners presently comprise about one-third of global exports and one-tenth of global GDP. Between the 1980s and the 1990s, FDI’s share in international gross capital formation increased by two-thirds; for China, the rise was by about three-quarters. FDI massively rose in the 1990s, even though it dropped abruptly in 2001 due to the global recession and weakening of stock markets (Lin 2001). Hence the reduction in the flows of FDI was tilted toward advanced nations. FDI to China and other developing nations increased 4 percent from 1980 to 2001, and China’s share of world FDI climbed significantly from the early 1990s to 2001 (Ostry & Alexandroff 2003). Nevertheless, this increase has not been sufficient to make a difference in the share of the developing nations of the global reserves of FDI, which, according to UNCTAD (2000 as cited in Milberg 2004, 46), has changed roughly 35% over the past two decades. China, in the 1990s hardly made it on the international economic scale. However, China was able to improve its status in international trading after roughly two decades, making her the current second most advanced economy in the world (Lin 2001). The trade of China, in the 1990s, was an insignificant presence in world trade. After two decades, the country is presently the biggest global exporter of goods, with a rate of annual export growth at 18 percent (Lin 2001, slide 6). Due to this massive development in China’s role in international trading, trade structure has been altered. It is the contention of this paper that the transformation in trade structure, or with intensified trade in intermediate rather than final products, instead of expansion in the volume of trade that establishes globalization as a relevant occurrence in terms of the development of strategies for economic growth. This transformation in the structure of trade is the outcome of the appearance of global trading systems, wherein bits and pieces of a product are manufactured in various places all over the world.

News Conference Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

News Conference - Assignment Example This venture represents another initiative from a tobacco giant in a trend that seems to be catching on in the industry as a result of the reduced demand for traditional tobacco cigarettes. The move was declared on Monday by the returning CEO, Susan Cameron, who had previously served in the same position between 2004 and 2011. Questioned about the plans to set the initiative into action, Cameron said that her key objective was to guarantee that the impetus of the initiative was not only advanced, but accelerated to certify that the corporation would establish themselves in the line before their main competitors could. Just months after the company had relinquished the top-selling blu, which was seen by many as the tobacco industry’s future, to the Imperial Tobacco group, the company head reaffirmed her belief that e-cigarettes could transform the industry. Despite the World Health Organization’s resolve against the use of e-cigarettes, Reynolds is committed towards working and liaising with other players in the tobacco industry to ensure its preeminence within the industry. Currently, the company has ensured that all it products are in line with regulations set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National as well as international policies . Athavaley, A. & Cavale, S. (2014, Jul 15) Reynolds gains in menthol, gives up e-cigarette brand. Reuters. Retrieved from

Corruption Among Nations

Corruption Among Nations Agenda Kautilya’s â€Å"Arthashastra† Corruption in Ancient Rome and Athens Why corruption has become a serious problem nowadays?-arguments Variations among nations Definition of Corruption The most wide-spread definition of corruption is the one formulated by the World Bank: the abuse of public power for private gain. Corruption is a complex phenomenon that encloses different types of unfair behavior and not always associated with bribes. For instance, a public employee pretending to be sick goes on vacation thereby abusing his public position for personal benefit; or a president of a country who builds an airport in his small hometown is also engaged in corruption that doesn’t involve the payment of bribes. Throughout history great thinkers and politicians have recognized corruption as a mysterious and complex phenomenon. The complexity of the problem is proved by the fact that corruption in various forms takes place in any sphere of activity; promotes illegality, injustice, waste, inefficiency in administrative conduct; destroys the moral fabric of society, ruins the faith of people in the legitimacy of politico-administrative set up. Besides the fact that corruption encloses unethical business practices through the unfair way to gain advantage over particular good or service, it is a serious problem harming moral values of people. The payment of bribes, nepotism and other forms require lying and dissimilation. It is socially irresponsible, as it discriminates the rights of poor people who are unable to pay bribes for obtaining particular good or service. Corruption has been recognized as a â€Å"general disease for the body politic† to be common as in modern, as in ancient times as well. Indeed, this deviant behavior provoked great concerns of such famous political thinkers as Kautilya, Aristotle, Cicero, Xenophon and others. 1.Corruption in Ancient Athens and Rome Corruption in ancient world is first discovered in an archive listing the names of â€Å"employees accepting bribes† at the administrative centres of the ancient Assyrian empire 3400 years ago. In ancient Greece and Rome very often corrupt behavior was difficult to identify, as the same terms were applied to bribes and gifts (doron, lemma, chresmasi peithein). According to Claire Taylor’s prominent work â€Å"Greece and Rome†, â€Å"every level of Athenian politics was riddled with corruption, from the most important orators to the smallest deme elections†. Political Corruption Both ancient Rome and Athens had large highly developed bureaucracies and at the same time with certain opportunities for abuse. Corruption has been considered to be one of the basic causes of the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire. One of the most famous cases of corruption happened in the 1st cen. BC. The Roman governor of Sicily was prosecuted by Cicero for the acts of abuse of power. According to specific historical sources, he bought at first his praetorship and afterwards his governorship. His deviant behavior and misuse of power ruined Sicily, one of the richest provinces at that time that in turn caused Sicilians’ great frustration with the government and the formation of mafia. One of the plots of Verres’s abuse of power was to â€Å"name non-existent slaves†. He used to blame the landowners for hiding slaves suspected in rebellion organization. If the owner couldn’t produce the slave (whom he actually didn’t own), upon Verres’s order the accused was sent to prison and kept there until a bribe was paid for his release. The factors contributing to corruption in ancient times were both of political and legal amateurism. According to the complaint of Plato, public officials are â€Å" bribe-takers and money-lovers.† Despite the fact that the abuse of public power has been always considered a serious crime, the corrupt behaviour of public officials in ancient times may be explained not only on the basis of the love of money but as a professional necessity. The temptation to make private gains was particularly caused by the fact that most magistrates, for instance, in ancient Greece after 411BC were not paid salaries for their service. The members of the Boule may have received small state income (mithos). Because of low-to-nonexistent payments politicians had to care about their considerable expences themselves. Politicians needed money for gathering information for being properly informed; entertain subordinates and pay bailiffs for running their farms while they worked for the state. It is therefore hardly surprising that some public officials accepted bribes and gifts for supplementing their income. However, the result of the misuse of power had a devastating effect on social order that therefore provoked great concern of many famous ancient orators and writers in ancient Rome and Greece. In â€Å"Politics† Aristotle states that â€Å"a tyrant has no regard to public interest except of as conducive to his private ends’ of pleasure†. With regard to public officials, Aristotle considered them to have public duty and private interest is harmed when they use the office for their own â€Å"private ends†. The ideal form of government is the one that governs with the view of common interest. Ancient Athenians were quite sensitive to the misuse of public resources and when detected, the act of corruption was punished severely. In his â€Å"Laws† Plato states that corrupt officials were punished by the loss of citizenship and the right to take part in the political institutions of the city-state. According to the Athenian orator Demosthenes (384-322 BC), a person who†¦ â€Å"†¦ accepts a bribe from another or himself offers it to another, or corrupts anyone by promises, to the detriment of the people in general, or if any individual citizen, by any means or device, whatsoever, he shall be disfranchised together with his children, and his property will be confiscated.† In fact, Demosthenes himself was found guilty of accepting bribes. In 324 BC he was fined 50 talents that equals $20 million in today’s dollars. He turned out to be comparatively lucky when he went into exile, while other Athenian officials were frequently severely executed for bribery. According to the Law of the Twelve Tables that formed the centerpiece of the Roman Republic constitution, there was imposed a death penalty on the judges who accepted bribes. The punishment was eased after the rise of the Roman empire (27 BC–476 AD). Electoral Corruption As a paragon of civilization, Rome represented a major centre where corruption took place. Following the Greek historian Polybius (200-118 BC), â€Å"to the Romans nothing is more disgraceful than to receive bribes or to seek gain by improper means.† This estimation sounds quite optimistic, however in reality, compared to Athens, electoral bribery (ambitus) was a much more serious problem in ancient Rome. For instance, Julius Caesar won the office of Pontifex Maximus through bribery. Electoral bribery turned into such a common event that it gave rise to the profession of bribe distributors called divisores. In this case, Cicero proposed the establishment of particular laws for electoral corruption prevention: limit the amount political elites could spend on gifts and entertainment aimed to influence election results. Extortion and embezzlement Reports on extortion in ancient history are very frequent. For instance, Marcus Aemilius Scaurus(163 BC – 89 BC) aRoman consul was accused of extortions while being a governor of Sardinia and Corsica. Army was not the exception. The representative of the Sophist school Libanius (341-392 AD) in his speech proposed the emperor Theodosius to enforce laws against soldiers who used to extort money from the inhabitants of the colonies and then in turn applied the acquitted amount in military protection to oppress neighbours. In Luke 3 John the Baptist exhort the tax-collectors â€Å"to collect no more that is appointed to you†. With regard to Roman army, he instructs the soldiers â€Å"to be content with the wages† and give up extorting money from civilians by violence. Bribe or gift? â€Å"It was quite impossible to get anything done unless one produced a present. Politicians could be paid to do anything or nothing†. Thycydides (460 – c. 395 BC) Bribes performed a significant role in the everyday life both in ancient Rome and Athens. Bribes could decide the matters of war and peace, movement of armies, destruction and the fate of the whole nations as well. There were even formed particular associations for extortion. The long-term consequences of bribery became particularly noticeable in the sixties and fifties BC. Bribery caused financial and correspondingly political instability; as well as loss of faith in constitution and rule of law. This outcome is considered to have contributed to the civil war. The distinction between bribe and gift was quite unstable. In ancient Rome the notion of â€Å"gratia† meant the expression of gratitude. It represented particular gifts, donations and hospitality provided to a socially dominant person by a client. In ancient Greece the same role was attributed to gift called â€Å"dora† that at the same time meant bribe. The term â€Å"dorokein† meant receiving bribes, while â€Å"dorokia† stood for political corruption. If there was made no distinction between gifts and bribes, it therefore points to the estimation that the provision of bribes was a part of social behavior and expression of solidarity and gratitude. 2. Kautilya’s Arthashastra The temptation to make private gains has always existed and unfortunately can’t be totally eliminated. However, the level of corruption can be monitored with particular anti-corrupt tools that may sometimes move economy closer to the level of complete transparency. Corruption should be examined first of all as an essential feature of a changeable human nature. â€Å"Men are naturally fickle minded and are compared to horses who exhibit constant change in their temper†. Kautilya (370-283 BC) One of the most prominent political figures of ancient times, the professor of economics and political sciences at the ancient Takshashila University and the royal advisor, Kautilya (Chanakya or Vishnu Gupta), also examined corruption as a major threat to economics and social order. Kautilya played a significant role in the establishment of the Maurya Empire, the first empire in the archeologically recorded history for the ruling of the most Indian subcontinent. Being a chief advisor to both Chandragupta (340-298 BC) and Bindusara (320-272 BC), he dealt with the issues on politics, social order, diplomacy, war and ethics. The widespread character of corruption at various levels of the Kingdom’s administration prompted Kautilya to establish an elaborated statecraft â€Å"Arthashastra† that describes what a state ought to be and not what it really was. One should agree that the norms of how to handle the problem are prescribed when particular disorder and abnormalities ex ist.†Arthashastra†, being considered as an elaborated statecraft that discusses monetary and fiscal policies, the art of international relations and war strategies, encloses valuable advice on how to handle and fight against corruption. According to Kautilya, honesty is not the virtue that would remain consistent lifelong and the temptation to make easy gains through corrupt means can override the trait of honesty any time. The identification of corruption with the notion of temptation is clearly proved by the comparison of the revenue collection process (by officials) with the honey or poison on the tip of the tongue that is impossible not to taste. As nowadays, as in ancient times corruption is so obvious and yet so mysterious. Kautilya expressed great concern on the difficulty of the detection of corruption. He compared embezzlers to fish moving under water and the impossibility to detect when exactly the fish was drinking water. Corruption in public sector and the tools to fight against it Kautilya stated that the increase in expenditures and lower revenue is an indicator of embezzlement and extortion in the government. Being an ancient statecraft, â€Å"Arthashastra† represents elaborated guidelines that may be applied in dealing with corruption even nowadays. Kautilya considered corruption, first of all, as a phenomenon deriving from a changeable human nature. On the basis of this assessment, the process of fighting against corruption must begin from the employee recruitment level. Employee recruitment In Mauryan Empire (322-185BC) â€Å"superintendents† were the highest officials, who received their position on the basis of â€Å"ministerial qualifications†, as well as â€Å"individual capacity†. Educational background, work experience and particular skills gave particular advantage to a candidate during the selection process. However, no less attention was paid to the right kind of aptitude for the position: traits of honesty and the level of impartiality. Despite such thorough selection process, corrupt persons still made their way into the system; however, other efficient tools were applied for the detection and prevention of corruption. Relations among co-workers Kautilya considered efficient team work to be the key for success. There were, however, particular impediments, like too much personal interactions among the higher executives, and co-workers that led to compromise and consequently corruption. Kautilya explained that human emotions and personal concerns impeded the successful running of an administration that is, first of all, a rule-based impersonal affair. Besides, different vision of particular issues also harmed the team spirit. Kautilya suggested stimulation of professionalism at work: superintendents must execute work with the employees following subordination system. Kautilya was certain that such model would stimulate the sense of belonging of employees to particular department, clearly identify their rights and obligations and therefore contribute to success of the state. Work period shortening Another measure for corruption prevention was the suggestion to make several positions in each department temporary. Periodic transfer of government officials from one position to another was implemented with the intention of not giving enough time for the officials to pick holes in the system and misuse their advantages. Whistleblowers’ contribution Whistle blowing has remained one of the most efficient tools in corruption detection process. Kautilya made particular emphasis on the importance of informants’ (suchaka) activity for exposing embezzlement or some deviant behavior. If the whistleblower was a government servant, he was given one twelfth of the bribe or the extorted amount. While, if the informant was from outside the system, he was entitled the award of one-sixth of the amount. The latter’s share was more, as the detection of corruption while being outside the system was rather more challenging. Corruption Nowadays The â€Å"Arthashstra† of Kautilya convincingly confirms the fact that corruption is not the exclusive feature of contemporary world. It represents a piece of prehistoric heritage that has survived through centuries. Governments of all historical eras have recognized the devastating effect of this phenomenon on the political system, security and social order. Globalization has stimulated the spread of corruption all over the globe. As a result, nowadays corruption is a world-scale problem that in return is recognized as a major threat to internationals security. However, before discussing the central point of the research, it is necessary to understand why corruption is paid so much attention now? Is it because there was more corruption in the past than in the present? Is it because more attention is paid to the phenomenon that has existed for ages but has been partially or completely ignored? The answer is still not obvious; however there are several arguments that describe w hy corruption is attracting more attention now than in the past. First, the end of the Cold War stopped the political hypocrisy giving the opportunity to many decision makers in industrial countries to ignore political corruption, e.g. Zaire. Second, the lack of information and the ignorance of the abuse of power didn’t give the possibility for corruption detection in centrally-planned economy. It is now widely known that the central planned economies, such as the USSR or those imitating them experienced high rate of political corruption. However, the cases of deviant behavior and the abuse of public power was either ignored or not properly reported. Third, the emergence of new democratic governments in recent years, as well as free and active media have contributed to the creation of a new environment where discussion of corruption is no longer forbidden. Forth, the process of globalization has stimulated closer and frequent contacts between individuals from different countries: those from the countries with the high rate of transparency with those from the countries where corruption widespread. These contacts have increased the attention towards corruption. Fifth, the emergences of nongovernmental organizations, such as Transparency International, as well as a growing interest in the problem from the side of other international organizations have contributed to the anti-corrupt movements in many countries. Besides, numerous empirical studies have contributed to greater awareness of the problem. Sixth, market economy has created an environment where the pursuit of efficiency has become much more important and distortions caused by corruption attract more attention. Finally, the influence of the US in many international institutions has been very important. American policy makers have stated that American exporters have lost out in foreign trade due to the prohibition to pay bribes to foreign trade partners. For American officials, the payment of bribes is a criminal act and bribes can’t be deducted as cost for tax purposes. The case of OECD was quite different from the US’s model of behavior. However, under the sponsorship of the OECD situation has noticeably changed.

As We Acquire More Knowledge Essay

As we tend to know more about something we tend to take things to another level. This could be challenging for some and for some it may be the thing they were looking for. I agree to an extent that as we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious. However, it highly depends from person to person, the type of knowledge we acquire and lastly the way in which we acquire that knowledge. Going the extra mile for some may be challenging and for some it may be their start of interest. It depends on the type of person you are, whether you are someone who likes challenges or whether you are someone who is afraid to go an extra step into exploring more and more knowledge. For most people acquiring more knowledge may be mysterious because in the end of the day you are putting your shoes in a different zone. This zone might be a zone where you are not comfortable in or a zone where you have not been in there before. For example, studying about a different element that you may have heard of but have not yet gone deep into. Knowledge for some may start to get complex but this is because you end up in a zone you were not in before. However, for some they would not see this as a challenge or complex, but more of the fun they were looking for. Secondly, this depends on the type of knowledge you try and acquire. Some knowledge might require more effort to be put into it and some may require less. For example, if we were to acquire knowledge about something we have been acquiring for a long time, then our sources for this type of knowledge would be easily gathered. However, if the knowledge we try and acquire is new, then it is likely that we will find challenges in finding more information or collecting about it. It also depends on what the knowledge is about. For some, obtaining a certain type of knowledge is an easy task to get a hold of and this may be because the person has experience in this field. Lastly, it highly depends on how we acquire information or the process of acquiring knowledge. How we acquire knowledge depends on several factors such as: knowing a reliable source to get information from, the way this knowledge is been delivered and how interpret it. Having a reliable source to acquire knowledge may be the start of how we can overcome complexity. This is because our source leads us to many materials that we can use to secure more knowledge. The way we are given this source or taught this knowledge also plays a big roll in complexity. For example, if we were taught bad habits in gathering knowledge or the way this knowledge is been taught to us to be dull then we will struggle with acquiring more knowledge. It also depends on how we interpret this knowledge. If we interpret this knowledge with a lot of excitement and concern then it is most likely that we are not going to find problems along the way. In conclusion, as we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious to some extent. This is because this it depends on the type of person you are, the form of knowledge you are obtaining and lastly the process of gathering knowledge.

Christian Schools And Its Impact On The Development Of The...

Christian schools play a vital role in the development of the community and the students that make up the body. The Christian church has often seen philosophy as a roadblock to understanding our true purpose as humans and not a tool for learning what that purpose is. Philosophy is our response to every area of life, because through philosophy we investigate the truths and principles of being. Apostle Paul wrote two letter to the Thessalonians in which he was concerned about their receptivity of the gospel, his integrity as a minister and about helping them to grow in maturity. As a Christian teacher, we should share some of the same concerns for our students. We should be concerned with our students’ receptivity of the gospel, our integrity as a Christian teacher, and helping our students grow in maturity. Paul wrote; â€Å"See to it that no one take you captive through hollow and deceptive philosophy, which depends on human tradition and the basic principles of this world rather than on Christ.† The teachings that we need to have a biblical worldview has been taught since the very beginning. A biblical worldview is the belief that the Bible is entirely true and is the foundation of everything we say and do. A biblical worldview is based on the infallible Word of God. We must understand that philosophy does not displace a thorough knowledge of Scripture as a necessary component of Christian education, but enables us to justify our beliefsShow MoreRelatedThe Future And Becoming Agents Of Social Change Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesLong before English settlers founded the first school in the new world, people realized the importance of education. 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Study Guide for Man and Superman

Arguably George Bernard Shaw’s most profound play, Man and Superman, blends social satire with a fascinating philosophy. Today, the comedy continues to make readers and audiences laugh and think — sometimes simultaneously. Man and Superman tells the story of two rivals: John Tanner (a wealthy, politically-minded intellectual who values his freedom) and Ann Whitefield (a charming, scheming hypocritical young woman who wants Tanner as a husband). Once Tanner realizes that Miss Whitefield is hunting for a spouse (and that he is the only target), he attempts to flee, only to find out that his attraction to Ann is too overwhelming to escape. Re-inventing Don Juan Although many of Shaw’s plays were financial successes, not all of the critics admired his work. While many reviewers were intrigued by Shaw’s ideas, they did not appreciate his lengthy scenes of dialogue with little-to-no conflict. One such critic, Arthur Bingham Walkley once said that Shaw is â€Å"no dramatist at all.† In the late 1800s, Walkley suggested that Shaw should write a Don Juan play. Beginning in 1901, Shaw accepted the challenge; in fact, he wrote an extensive albeit sarcastic dedication to Walkley, thanking him for the inspiration. In the preface of Man and Superman, Shaw discusses the way Don Juan has been portrayed in other works, such as Mozart’s opera or Lord Byron’s poetry. Traditionally, Don Juan is a pursuer of women, an adulterer, and an unrepentant scoundrel. At the end of Mozart’s Don Giovanni, Don Juan is dragged to Hell, leaving Shaw to wonder: What happened to Don Juan’s soul? Man and Superman provides an answer to that question. The spirit of Don Juan lives on in the form of Juan’s distant-descendant John Tanner. Instead of a pursuer of women, Tanner is a pursuer of truth. Instead of an adulterer, Tanner is a revolutionary. Instead of a scoundrel, Tanner defies social norms and old-fashioned traditions in hopes of leading the way to a better world. Yet, the theme of seduction — typical in all incarnations of Don Juan stories — is still present. Through each act of the play, the female lead, Ann Whitefield, aggressively pursues her prey. Below is a brief summary of the play. Man and Superman - Act One Ann Whitefield’s father has passed away. Mr. Whitefield’s will indicate that his daughter’s guardians shall be two gentlemen: Roebuck Ramsden: The steadfast (and rather old-fashioned) friend of the family.John Tanner: A controversial author and â€Å"Member of the Idle Rich Class† The problem: Ramsden cannot stand Tanner’s morals, and Tanner cannot stand the idea of being Ann’s guardian. To complicate things, Tanner’s friend Octavius â€Å"Tavy† Robinson is head over heels in love with An. He hopes that the new guardianship will improve his chances of winning her heart. Ann flirts harmlessly whenever she is around Tavy. However, when she is alone with John Tanner (AKA â€Å"Jack†) her intentions become obvious to the audience. She wants Tanner. Whether she wants him because she loves him, or because she is infatuated with him, or merely because desires his wealth and status is entirely up to the viewer’s opinion. When Tavy’s sister Violet enters, a romantic subplot is introduced. Rumor has it that Violet is pregnant and unmarried. Ramsden and Octavius are outraged and ashamed. Tanner congratulates Violet. He believes that she is simply following life’s natural impulses, and he approves the instinctive way Violet has pursued her goals despite society’s expectations. Violet can tolerate the moral objections of her friends and family. She cannot, however, abide Tanner’s praise. She admits that she is legally married, but that the identity of her groom must remain secret. Act One of Man and Superman concludes with Ramsden and the others apologizing. Jack Tanner is disappointed; he wrongly thought that Violet has shared his moral/philosophical outlook. Instead, realizes the bulk of society is not ready to challenge traditional institutions such as marriage. The Last Line of Act One Tanner: You must cower before the wedding ring like the rest of us, Ramsden. The cup of our ignominy is full.